• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    HEATED COMPOSITE GLASS WITH A SAFETY FUNCTION. The present invention relates to a composite glazing comprising: - a first glazing (1.1), at least one intermediate layer (3) and a second glazing (1.2), - a first transparent, electrically conductive coating (2) between the layer intermediate (2) and the first glazing (1.1) and / or between the intermediate layer (3) and the second glazing (1.2), - a first busbar (4.1) and a second busbar (4.2), which are connected to the first coating (2), and the first busbar (4.1) is connected to a potential earth and the second busbar (4.2) is connected to a DC voltage of 75 V to 450 / v or an AC voltage of 25 V to 450 V. - a second electrically conductive transparent coating (6), in which the area of the first coating (2) and the area of the second coating (6) are arranged on top of each other with at least 80% congruence and isolated from each other , and the second liner (6) is connected via at least a third collecting bar (4.3) to the pot ncial land.
    公开号:BR112013030779B1
    申请号:R112013030779-0
    申请日:2012-05-03
    公开日:2020-10-27
    发明作者:Andreas Schlarb；Susanne Lisinski；Martin Melcher
    申请人:Saint-Gobain Glass France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a pane with an electrically heated coating, in particular an electrically heated motorized vehicle pane, having a safety function. The invention further relates to a method for producing the glazing according to the invention and the use of the glazing according to the invention as a motor vehicle glazing, in particular as a motor vehicle glazing for electric vehicles.
    [0002] The term "electric vehicles" refers to motor vehicles that are powered by electrical energy. The driving energy is mostly transported along the motor vehicle in the form of chargeable accumulators and rechargeable batteries or generated in the motor vehicle itself by fuel cells. An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy for locomotion. The voltage on board electric vehicles is typically 100 V to 400 V.
    [0003] Due to the limited energy storage density of accumulators or rechargeable batteries, the driving range of electric vehicles is very limited. Consequently, the efficient use of electric energy is of particular significance with electric vehicles.
    [0004] The same requirements are imposed on the glazing of electric vehicles as on the glazing of motor vehicles with internal combustion engines. The following legal regulations apply with respect to the size of the field of view and the structural stability of the panes: - ECE R43: “Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Safety Glazing and Composite Glass Materials”, as well as - Technical Requirements for Vehicle Components in the Design Approval Test § 22 a StVZO [German Regulation Authorizing the Use of Vehicles for Road Traffic], No. 29 “Safety Glass”.
    [0005] These regulations are satisfied, as a rule, by glass composite cushions. The composite glass cushions consist of two or more individual panes, in particular, made of float glass, and are firmly bonded together with heat and pressure by one or a plurality of intermediate layers. The intermediate layers are mostly made of thermoplastics, such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
    [0006] The field of view of a motor vehicle window must be kept free of ice and condensation. In the case of motor vehicles with internal combustion engines, engine heat is, as a rule, used to heat an air stream. The hot air flow is then directed to the panes. This method is unsuitable for electric vehicles, since electric vehicles do not have engine heat. The generation of hot air by electricity is not very efficient.
    [0007] Alternatively, the glazing may have an electric heating function, the one of 103 52 464 A1 describes a composite glazing with two glazing. The wires running parallel to each other are inserted between the panes. When a voltage is applied to the wires, an electric current flows. The window is heated by the development of Joule heat, due to the resistance to the flow of the current. Due to the design and safety aspects, the number of wires in the windowpane, as well as the diameter of the wires, must be kept as small as possible. The wires must not be visible or must be difficult to perceive in daylight and at night with headlamp lighting.
    [0008] More suitable are electrically conductive, transparent coatings, as they are known by DE 103 33 618 B3. There, a pane has an electrically heated silver layer. Coatings, based on thin layers of silver, can be produced cost-effectively and are resistant to aging.
    [0009] DE 103 25 476 B3 describes a panel element with at least one rigid glazing that supports a heatable, electrically conductive coating, as well as an electrically conductive partial surface, which is electrically isolated from the coating and provided with at least one connection own electrical. According to the invention, the partial surface is provided for connection to a potential earth.
    [00010] Conventional heaters with electrically conductive coatings are operated with the usual voltage on board with a DC voltage from 12 V to 14 V or, in the case of higher required heat output, with DC voltages up to 42 V. sheet is, depending on the available voltage and the required heat output, between 0.5 ohm and 5 ohm. Under these conditions, a frozen windshield can be defrosted in 5 to 10 minutes in winter.
    [00011] In electric cars, it is desirable to operate the heating layer with the voltage on board typical for electric cars from 100 V to 400 V. Reducing the operating voltages of more than 100 V to 42 V or 14 V, for example, by a power adapter, it is very inefficient in terms of energy. In addition, high voltages from 100 V to 400 V allow a short defrost time of, for example, 1 minute with 3 kW of heating output. Such short defrost times are not possible according to the current prior art with operating voltages from 12 V to 42 V.
    [00012] Depending on the operating voltage used, special safety precautions are necessary. According to the European Low-Voltage Directive 2006/95 / EC, DC voltages up to 75 V are considered to be harmless, so protection against direct contact can be dispensed with. The panes with electrically heated coatings according to the prior art are operated with voltages from 12 V to 42 V and, consequently, do not require special safety precautions.
    [00013] Since a voltage of 75 V, on contact, a risk of injury from cramps and uncontrollable muscle contractions must be assumed. At voltages above 120 V, direct contact is considered life threatening, even for adults, and should be avoided under all circumstances. With use in a motor vehicle, contact is possible when, in the event of an accident, the insulation is removed from the voltage-containing coating. The same applies to the destruction and damage of the window pane through external action, such as stone impact, vandalism or in the case of rescue and recovery attempts.
    [00014] In principle, the same considerations also apply to layer heaters that are operated with AC voltage, with the lowest relevant safety limits in this case. Thus, starting from an AC voltage of 25 V, there is a severe risk of injury; and an AC voltage of 50 V, a severe threat to life.
    [00015] The objective of the present invention is to provide a composite glazing with a transparent, electrically conductive coating, which has adequate heating output at a DC voltage of 75 V to 450 V or an AC voltage of 25 V to 450 v and includes precautions appropriate security measures.
    [00016] The purpose of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a pane composed with a transparent, electrically heated coating, according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the other claims. A method of producing a composite glazing according to the present invention and the use of the composite glazing emerge from other claims.
    [00017] The composite glazing according to the present invention comprises: - at least one first glazing and a second glazing, - at least one intermediate layer, which connects the glazing to each other, - at least one first transparent, electrically conductive coating, which is disposed between the intermediate layer and the first glazing or between the intermediate layer and the second glazing, - at least a first busbar and a second busbar, which are connected to the first coating, and the first busbar is connected to a earth potential and the second busbar is connected to a DC voltage of 75 V at 450 ve - at least one second transparent, electrically conductive coating, which is disposed isolated from the first coating. wherein the area of the first coating and the area of the second coating are arranged on top of each other with at least 80% congruence and the second coating is connected via at least a third collecting bar to the potential earth.
    [00018] In a preferred embodiment of the composite glazing according to the invention, the second busbar is connected to a DC voltage of 120 V to 450 V. In this voltage range, direct contact is considered life threatening, even for adults, and should be avoided under all circumstances.
    [00019] In an alternative embodiment of the composite glazing in accordance with the present invention, the second busbar is connected to an AC voltage of 25 V to 450 V. In a preferred embodiment of the composite glazing in accordance with the present invention, the second busbar is connected to an AC voltage of 50 V to 450 V. In this voltage range, direct contact is considered life threatening, even for adults, and must be avoided under all circumstances. In another preferred embodiment of the composite glazing according to the invention, the second busbar is connected to an AC voltage of 100 V to 300 V. This voltage range is particularly advantageous for the use of the composite glazing furniture, devices and constructions , in particular for electric heaters, since AC voltages from 100 V to 300 V are available as standard household supply voltages.
    [00020] The composite glazing according to the present invention includes at least two glazing which are connected to each other by at least one intermediate layer. Basically, all transparent, electrically insulating substrates, which are thermally and chemically stable, as well as dimensionally stable under the conditions of production and use of the composite glazing according to the present invention, are suitable as glazing.
    [00021] The panes preferably contain glass, particularly and preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda lime glass, or transparent plastic, preferably rigid transparent plastic, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and / or mixtures thereof.
    [00022] Examples of suitable types of glass are known from the German translation of the European patent EP 0 847 965 B1, with file number DE 967 31 268 T2, page 8, paragraph [0053].
    [00023] The thickness of the panes can vary widely and can thus be excellently adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Preferably, panes with standard thicknesses from 1.0 mm to 25 mm, preferably from 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm, are used for motor vehicle glass and, preferably, from 4 mm to 25 mm are used for furniture, devices and constructions, in particular for electric heaters. The size of the panes can vary widely and is determined according to the size of the application according to the invention.
    [00024] The panes can have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the three-dimensional shape has no shadow zones, so that it can be coated, for example, by cathodic sublimation. Preferably, the substrates are flat or slightly or widely folded in one direction or in multiple spatial directions; planar substrates are used in particular. The panes can be colorless or colored.
    [00025] The panes are connected to each other by at least one intermediate layer. The intermediate layer preferably contains a thermoplastic plastic, such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or its multiple layers, preferably 0.3 to 0 mm thick. , 9 mm.
    [00026] The composite glazing according to the present invention contains at least one first transparent and electrically conductive coating, which is arranged on one side of one of the individual glazing of the composite glazing facing towards the intermediate layer. The first coating can be applied directly to the individual pane. The first coating can alternatively be applied to a carrier film or its own intermediate layer.
    [00027] The electrically conductive, transparent coating according to the present invention is permeable to electromagnetic radiation, preferably electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength of 300 to 1300 nm, in particular to visible light. “Permeable” means that the total transmission of the composite glazing is in accordance with legal regulations and, in particular, is, for visible light, preferably> 70% and, in particular,> 80%.
    [00028] Such coatings are known, for example, from DE 20 2008 017 611 U1 [utility model] and EP 0 847 965 B1. They are made, as a rule, of a metallic layer such as a layer of silver or metallic alloy containing silver that is embedded between at least two coatings made of a dielectric material of the type of metal oxide. The metal oxide preferably contains zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide or the like, as well as combinations of one or a plurality of them. The dielectric material may also contain silicon nitride, silicone carbide or aluminum nitride.
    [00029] Preferably, metal layer systems with a plurality of metal layers are used, wherein the individual metal layers are separated by at least one layer made of dielectric material.
    [00030] This layer structure is generally obtained by a sequence of deposition processes that are carried out by a vacuum method, such as cathodic sublimation assisted by magnetic field. Very thin metallic layers, which contain, in particular, titanium, nickel, chromium, nickel-chromium, or niobium, can also be arranged on both sides of the silver layer. The base metal layer serves as a bonding and crystallization layer. The top metallic layer serves as a protective and absorbent layer to prevent change in the silver during additional processing steps.
    [00031] The thickness of the electrically conductive transparent coating can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. It is essential that the thickness of the electrically conductive, transparent coating is not so large that it absorbs or largely reflects electromagnetic radiation, preferably electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 300 to 1300 nm.
    [00032] The present invention is substantially based on the concept that a high voltage is only dangerous for a human being when the current can flow through parts of the human body. In the context of the present invention, a high voltage means a DC voltage of more than 75 V or an AC voltage of more than 25 V. With such high voltages, a flow of health malfunction current through the human body usually occurs under contact.
    [00033] Consequently, it is vital to provide a composite glazing with an electrically heated first coating that, in the event of operation with a high voltage, reduces the possibility of current flowing through the human body, particularly when the composite glazing is damaged or destroyed.
    [00034] Accordingly, the composite glazing according to the present invention includes at least one second, electrically conductive, transparent coating, which is disposed electrically isolated from the first coating.
    [00035] In a composite glazing, the contact protection of the first coating containing high voltage is ensured by the two fixed glazing and the intermediate layer. Through the stabilizing action of the intermediate layer, which contains a hard elastic plastic, the contact protection remains effective even with a shattered glass.
    [00036] Consequently, the real danger of contact with the first coating containing high voltage is the penetration of a metallic object into the glass. This can occur, for example, directly during an accident or when rescue workers cut through the pane with an ax or saw in a recovery effort.
    [00037] A first openly accessible coating is also dangerous, for example, by splitting the fragment on the side of the composite window near the interior of the vehicle, after a massive external action or after a complete perforation of the composite window.
    [00038] In order to avoid a current flow through the human body in these cases in contact, a second electrically conductive, transparent coating, according to the present invention, is disposed inside or on the composite glazing. The second coating is connected to the potential ground of the power supply on board or to another low potential that is not dangerous to humans.
    [00039] The second coating is disposed electrically isolated from the first coating. In addition, the area of the first coating and the area of the second coating are arranged on top of each other with at least 80% congruence, preferably 90% and particularly preferably 95%. The first and / or second coatings can form a closed area or can be subdivided into smaller areas, with all parts having to be electrically and conductively connected to the appropriate potentials.
    [00040] In an advantageous embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, the second coating is arranged on the side of the intermediate layer opposite the first coating. This has the particular advantage that the first coating and the second coating are electrically insulating by the intermediate layer and, thus, no additional insulating layer is required. In addition, the first coating and the second coating are arranged inside a composite glazing and are mechanical as well as chemically protected, for example, against corrosion, by the first glazing and the second glazing.
    [00041] In another advantageous embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, the second coating is arranged at least on the outside of the first window or on the outside of the second window. In the context of the present invention "external side" means the external side of the composite glazing and, thus, the side of each individual glazing facing away from the intermediate layer. From a technical point of view, this embodiment has the advantage that a composite glazing, produced according to the prior art with only a first coating, can be very easily supplemented by a second coating.
    [00042] In another advantageous embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, the first and / or the second coatings are arranged on a plastic film. The plastic film can be connected with respect to the surface in front of you and on your back to another plastic film in each case. Such a compound may comprise, for example, an intermediate layer made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film coated with a first or second coating and an insulating layer made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The thickness of the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film is, for example, from 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm. The thickness of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film is, for example, from 40 µm to 80 µm and, in particular, 50 µm.
    [00043] In another advantageous embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, the second coating is connected to the first coating via an additional insulating layer. The insulating layer preferably contains a plastic film with suitable electrically insulating properties, particularly preferable, a film containing polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Alternatively, the insulating layer may include an electrically insulating oxide or nitride layer or a dielectric layer. This embodiment has the particular advantage that the first and second coatings are arranged very close together, which improves the protective effect of the second coat. Thus, the insulating layer can be implemented very thin and with low mechanical resistance. In the case of destruction or rupture of the glass pane, a direct short circuit occurs, as a rule, between the first and second coatings, so that a current flow from the first coat to the second coat occurs. On the one hand, such a current flow causes a voltage drop in the first coating in a range that is not dangerous for humans. Also a high current flow is caused by this, so that usually, the electrical fuse protection of the first coating is tripped and the voltage supply is interrupted.
    [00044] In another advantageous embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, the front of the first coating is connected via an insulating layer to a second coating and the back of the first coating is connected, via another insulating layer, to a second additional coating. In other words, the composite glazing includes a layer sequence of a second coating, an insulating layer of the first coating, another insulating layer and an additional second coating. Here, "front" of the first coating means, for example, the side that faces away from the interior of the motor vehicle when the window is installed on a motor vehicle. The second additional coating is connected to the potential earth via another collecting bar. This embodiment has the particular advantage that the first coating is covered on both sides by a second coating connected to the earth potential. Thus, it is virtually impossible to contact the first coating, for example, with a metallic object without also contacting at least one of the two second coatings. In addition, in the event of destruction or breakage of the pane, an immediate short circuit between the first and one of the second coatings occurs so that a current flow from the first coat to one of the second coatings occurs. The additional second coating preferably contains the same layer or layer sequence as the second coating.
    [00045] Generally, it is to be assumed that, in the event of the described failure cases, the true presence of only a second coating connected to the earth potential, regardless of the selected embodiment, offers adequate protection. In a destroyed windowpane, it is virtually impossible to contact only the first coat but not the second coat.
    [00046] The second coating may contain or be identical to the material of the first coating. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second coating is suitable for carrying a relatively high current density. This has the particular advantage that the electrical fuse protection of the first coating is triggered quickly in the event of destruction of the composite glazing and thus the first coating is quickly free of the switched voltage. In addition, local overheating of the second coating is avoided. Local overheating could also result in local destruction of the second coating and reduce the functionality of the safety precaution.
    [00047] In an advantageous embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, the first transparent, electrically conductive coating has a sheet resistance of 1 ohm / square to 10 ohm / square, preferably 3 ohm / square to 5 ohm / square. The second transparent, electrically conductive coating advantageously has a sheet resistance of 0.1 ohm / square to 10 ohm / square. In a preferred embodiment, the second, electrically conductive, transparent coating has a sheet resistance of 0.4 ohm / square to 10 ohm / square, particularly preferable from 0.4 ohm / square to 10 ohm / square and most particularly preferable from 0.4 ohm / square to 5 ohm / square.
    [00048] As the inventor's experiments demonstrated, the second transparent, electrically conductive coatings, with high foil resistances of more than 5 ohm / square and, in particular, of more than 10 ohm / square, are suitable for a desired security function. In the event of making contact with the first transparent, electrically conductive coating, through the second transparent, electrically conductive coating and simultaneous contact by a person, a voltage divider is formed by dissipating the current through the second transparent, electrically conductive coating and the person. Due to the high resistance of the human body, only a small flow of current through the person occurs.
    [00049] In an advantageous embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, the first electrically conductive transparent coating and / or the second electrically conductive transparent coating include silver (Ag), tin indium oxide (ITO) , fluorinated tin oxide (SnO2: F), or aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO: AI).
    [00050] In an advantageous embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, the second transparent, electrically conductive coating has an emissivity of less than 50%. The second coating is then preferably located on the outside of a composite window facing the interior of the motor vehicle and / or the outside of the composite window facing away from the inside of the vehicle.
    [00051] The second coating preferably includes a layer system, with at least one functional layer based on at least one metal or metal oxide in the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, molybdenum and zirconium, and a dielectric layer arranged on the inner side of the motor vehicle of the functional layer.
    [00052] In an advantageous embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, the area of the first coating and the area of the second coating (6) are arranged on top of each other with 100% congruence. Alternatively, the area of the second coating can project beyond the area of the first coating, preferably by more than 10%, particularly preferable by more than 25%.
    [00053] In an advantageous embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, at least one transparent, electrically conductive layer is located on at least one of the inner sides of the glazing. Here, the "inner side" of the glass means each side facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer. In the case of a pane consisting of two panes, a transparent, electrically conductive layer may be located on the inside of one or the other pane. Alternatively, a transparent, electrically conductive layer can also be located in each case on each of the two inner sides. In the case of a pane composed of more than two panes, multiple transparent, electrically conductive layers can also be located on the multiple internal sides of the panes. Alternatively, an electrically conductive transparent coating can be embedded between two intermediate thermoplastic layers. The electrically conductive transparent coating is then preferably applied to a carrier film or carrier glass. The carrier film or carrier glass preferably includes a polymer, in particular polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or combinations thereof.
    [00054] In an advantageous embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, the first electrically conductive transparent coating has n incisions, where n is an integer> 1, so that the resistance of the first electrically transparent coating conductive has a heating output of 300 W / m2 to 4000 W / m2 with a DC voltage of 75 V to 450 V or an AC voltage of 25 V to 450 V.
    [00055] The incisions separate the coating in regions that are electrically isolated from each other. The incisions can separate the coating into completely electrically isolated regions from each other. These regions can be connected serially or in parallel by busbars. Alternatively or in combination, the incisions can divide the coating only into sections. The result is that the current flows through the jacket. This increases the current path through the coating and increases the total resistance of the coating.
    [00056] The precise number, the precise positioning and the length of the incisions to obtain a desired total resistance can be determined by simple tests or simulations. The incisions are preferably designed so that the view through the composite glazing is only slightly or not at all impaired and the most homogeneous possible distribution of the heating output results.
    [00057] In a first approximation, the length of the current path 1 results from:
    where U is the operating voltage, Pspez is the specific heating output and Rouadrat is the sheet resistance of the electrically conductive transparent coating. The quotient of the length of the current path I and the width of the window p produces, by approximation, the number of regions electrically isolated from each other in series. Based on the measured resistance, it is possible to fine-tune the desired total resistance by simple geometric modifications.
    [00058] The incisions in the electrically conductive transparent coating are preferably made using a leiser. Methods for structuring thin metal sheets are known, for example, from EP 2 200 097 A1 or EP 2 139 049 A1. Alternatively, incisions can be made by mechanical ablation, as well as by chemical or physical indentation. The minimum width of the incisions must be adapted to the tension to be isolated and is preferably 10 pm to 500 pm, particularly preferable 50 pm to 100 pm.
    [00059] In a preferred embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, the first transparent, electrically conductive coating extends over at least 90% of the surface area on the side of the glazing on which it is applied.
    [00060] The transparent, electrically conductive coatings extend over the entire surface area on the side of the glass pane where they are applied, minus a stripped region similar to the peripheral frame with a width of 2 mm to 20 mm, preferably 5 mm to 10 mm. This serves for electrical isolation between the voltage-containing liner and the motor vehicle body. The uncoated region is preferably hermetically sealed as a vapor diffusion barrier through the intermediate layer or an acrylate adhesive. The corrosion-sensitive coating is protected against moisture and atmospheric oxygen by the vapor diffusion barrier. In addition, transparent, electrically conductive coatings can be uncoated in another region that serves as a data transmission window or communication window.
    [00061] In an advantageous embodiment of the composite glazing according to the present invention, the incisions are implemented in such a way as to separate the first transparent, electrically conductive coating in at least three electrically isolated regions from each other. The regions are connected to each other via at least one third busbar. The separation of the regions and their connection via the collecting bars produces an increase in the current path through the first transparent, electrically conductive coating. The lengthening of the current path results in an increase in electrical resistance.
    [00062] The electrically conductive transparent coatings are connected to collection conductors, called "collector bars", for the transmission of electrical energy. Examples of suitable busbars are known from DE 103 33 618 B3 and EP 0 025 755 B1.
    [00063] The collector bars according to the present invention are produced by printing a conductive paste, which is baked before folding and / or when folding the glass panes. The conductive paste preferably contains silver particles and glass chips. The layer thickness of the cooked silver paste is, in particular, from 5 µm to 20 µm.
    [00064] In an alternative embodiment of the collecting bars according to the present invention, thin and narrow foil strips or metallic wires, which preferably contain copper and / or aluminum, are used, in particular copper foil strips with a thickness of 50 µm is used. The width of the copper foil strips is preferably from 1 mm to 10 mm. Strips of foil or wire are placed over the covering when assembling the composite layers. In the subsequent autoclave process, a safe electrical contact between the collecting bars and the coating is achieved through the action of heat and pressure. The electrical contact between the coating and the busbars can, however, also be produced by welding or bonding with an electrically conductive adhesive.
    [00065] In the automotive sector, sheet metal conductors are customarily used as power lines to contact bus bars inside the composite panes. Examples of sheet metal conductors are described in DE 42 35 063 A1, DE 20 2004 019 286 U1 and DE 93 13 394 U1.
    [00066] Flexible sheet metal conductors, sometimes also called "flat conductors" or "flat strip conductors", are preferably made of a tinned copper strip with a thickness of 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm and a width of 2 mm to 16 mm. Copper has proven successful for such conductive tracks, since it has good electrical conductivity, as well as good processability in sheets. At the same time, material costs are low. Other electrically conductive materials that can be processed into sheets can also be used. Examples of these are gold, silver, or tin and their alloys.
    [00067] For electrical insulation and for stabilization, the tinned copper strip is applied to a carrier material made of plastic or laminated with it on both sides. The insulating material generally contains a 0.025 mm to 0.05 mm polyimide-based film. Other plastics or materials with the required insulating properties can also be used. A plurality of electrically insulated conductive layers may be located on a conductive sheet of metal foil.
    [00068] Sheet metal conductors, which are suitable for contacting electrically conductive layers in composite glazing, have a total thickness of only 0.3 mm. Such thin sheet conductors can be easily embedded in the thermoplastic adhesive layer between the individual glass panes.
    [00069] Alternatively, metallic wires can also be used as power lines. Metal wires contain, in particular, copper, tungsten, gold, silver or aluminum or alloys of at least two of these metals. The alloys may also contain molybdenum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, palladium or platinum.
    [00070] The supply lines according to the present invention are guided out of the composite glazing and are preferably connected to the operating voltage via control electronics.
    [00071] Another aspect of the invention comprises a method for producing a composite glazing according to the present invention, wherein at least a) a first glazing, an intermediate layer and a second glazing, a first transparent, electrically conductive coating, a second transparent, electrically conductive coating, a first collecting bar, a second collecting bar and a third collecting bar are laminated together, and b) the first coating is connected via the first collecting bar and the second coating via the third collecting bar to a potential ground, and the first sheath is connected via a second busbar to a DC voltage of 75 V to 450 V or an AC voltage of 25 V to 450 V.
    [00072] The invention further comprises the use of the composite glazing according to the invention in means of transport for travel on land, in the air or in the water, in particular in motor vehicles, for example, as a windshield, rear window, side windows and / or glass ceiling.
    [00073] The composite glazing according to the present invention is preferably used as a motor vehicle window in means of transport with a DC voltage of 120 V to 450 V or an AC voltage of 50 V to 450 V.
    [00074] The composite glazing according to the present invention is preferably still used as a motor vehicle window in motor vehicles that are driven by conversion of electrical energy, in particular in electric vehicles. Electricity is drawn from accumulators, rechargeable batteries, fuel cells or generators powered by an internal combustion engine.
    [00075] The composite glazing according to the present invention is also used as a motor vehicle window in hybrid electric motor vehicles, which are activated by converting another form of energy, in addition to converting electric energy. The other form of energy is preferably an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine.
    [00076] The composite glazing according to the present invention is preferably still used, as well as a functional individual piece, and as an embedded part in furniture, devices and constructions, in particular as an electric heater.
    [00077] The invention is explained below with reference to the drawings. The drawings are a schematic representation and not on a true scale. The drawings in no way restrict the invention.
    [00078] They represent: Fig. 1A is a cross-sectional representation along line A-A 'of Fig. 18 through a composite glazing implemented in accordance with the present invention, Fig. 1B is a plan view of a Composite glazing implemented in accordance with the present invention, Fig. 2A is a cross-sectional representation of a glazing composed according to the prior art with a damaged area. Fig. 2B is a cross-sectional representation of a pane composed according to the prior art under the influence of a foreign body. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional representation of a composite glazing implemented in accordance with the invention under the influence of a foreign body. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional representation of another exemplary embodiment of a composite glazing implemented in accordance with the present. invention. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional representation of another exemplary embodiment of a composite glazing implemented in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional representation of another exemplary embodiment of a composite glazing implemented in accordance with the invention, Fig. 7 is a plan view of another exemplary embodiment of a composite glazing implemented in accordance with the present invention. and Fig. 8 is a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the present invention. Fig. 1a and Fig. 1B represent a composite glazing implemented in accordance with the present invention, designated with the reference character 1. Fig. 1B represents a plan view of the composite glazing 1; and Fig. 1A is a cross-sectional representation along line A-A of Fig. 1B.
    [00079] Individual panes 1.1 and 1.2 of composite panes 1 include float panes and are 2.1 mm thick in each case. The individual panes are interconnected with a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 is made of a 0.76 mm thick polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film. In the example shown, a first transparent, electrically conductive coating 2 is applied to side III of the inner pane 1.2 facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3. The first coating 2 is used to heat the composite pane 1. The first coating 2 can be applied on the side II of the external pane 1.1 facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 or on both sides of internal pane II and III.
    [00080] In the example shown, a second electrically conductive transparent coating 6 is applied to side II of the outer pane 1.1 facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.
    [00081] The first coating 2 and the second coating 6 are known, for example, from EP 0 847 965 B1 and include, in each case, two layers of silver, which are in each case embedded between a plurality of layers of metal and metal oxide. A sequence of exemplary layers is shown in Table 1.

    [00082] The layer sequence has a sheet resistance of approximately 3 ohm / square to 5 ohm / square.
    [00083] The first cladding 2 extends over the entire surface area of side III of windowpane 1.2, minus an uncoated region similar to the peripheral frame with a width of 8 mm. This serves for the electrical insulation between the voltage-containing coating and the motor vehicle body. The uncoated region is hermetically sealed by gluing to the intermediate layer 3.
    [00084] The second coating 6 extends congruently over the entire surface area of the first coating 2.
    [00085] A busbar 4.1 is located, in the installed position, on the lower edge of the first coating 2; a 4.2 collecting bar, on the upper edge. Another busbar 4.3 is located, in the installed position, on the top edge of the second coating 6. In the example shown in Fig. 1B, the bushes 4.2 and 4.3 are arranged congruently on top of each other. The busbars 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 extend over the entire width of the coverings 2.6. Collector bars 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 were printed on coatings 2, 6 using a conductive silver paste and cooked. The busbars 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 are electrically conductive in the regions of the coatings 2, 6 located under them.
    [00086] Feed lines 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 are made of tinned copper foil with a width of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm. The supply line 5.1 is soldered to the busbar 4.1, the supply line 5.2 is soldered to the busbar 4.2 and the supply line 5.3 is soldered to the busbar 4.3.
    [00087] In the outer pane 1.1, an opaque colored coating with a width of 20 mm is applied as a frame on the edge of the inner side II as a masking impression, which is not shown in the figure for reasons of clarity. The masking impression hides the sight of a string of adhesive with which the composite glazing is attached to the vehicle body. Masking printing serves both to protect the adhesive against UV radiation and thus to protect against premature aging of the adhesive. In addition, the busbars 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and supply lines 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 are hidden by the masking print.
    [00088] The busbars 4.1 and 4.3 are connected to the potential earth of the electrical system on board. Bus bar 4.2 is connected to a voltage on board the vehicle. Alternatively, the voltage on board can be transformed into a higher voltage or a lower voltage. In the case of an electric vehicle, the voltage is drawn from the batteries or accumulators and is approximately 75 V to 450 V DC voltage and, for example, DC voltage 400 V. The voltage applied to the busbar 4.2 generates a current flow through the first transparent, electrically conductive coating 2. The first coating 2 heats up as a result of the current flow and thus heats the composite glass.
    [00089] Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B represent, in each case designated with the reference character 20, a pane composed according to the prior art. The composite glazing 20 includes a first coating 2, which serves to heat a composite glazing 20. However, the composite glazing 20 according to the prior art does not include a second coating connected to a potential earth or other voltage.
    [00090] Fig. 2A represents the composite glazing 20 after an impact in the region 21. The impact results in the separation of fragments in the individual glazing 1.2 facing the interior of the vehicle. As a result of the fragment separation, the first coating 2 is exposed in region 22. The first exposed coating 2 makes it possible to contact the first coating 2 containing voltage, which is dangerous for humans.
    [00091] Fig. 2B represents a composite glazing 20 according to the prior art, in which a metallic object 10 has perforated the first glazing 1.2, the intermediate layer 3 and the first coating 2. The metallic object 10 can, for example, be a rescue device, such as a fireman's ax or a glass saw, which is conventionally used for rescue occupants in the event of an accident. The metallic object 10 is thus in contact with the first coating containing tension. Upon contacting the metallic object 10 by a human body, a current flow 11 of the first coating 2 occurs via the metallic object 10 through the human body. Due to the high DC voltages from 75V to 4509V, there is an immediate danger to the health of a person who touches the metallic object 10.
    [00092] This danger is avoided in a composite glazing 1 according to the present invention by an electrically conductive transparent coating 2. Fig. 3 represents a cross section of a composite glazing 1 according to the present invention, within which a metallic object 10 penetrated. The second coating 2 is connected to the voltage potential on board or to another low potential not dangerous to humans. A current flow 11 from the first coating 2 to the second coating 6 occurs. As a rule, the high current flow will trigger the electrical fuse protection and interrupt the voltage supply to the first coating 2. Even if this is not the case, a human body has higher resistance than the second coating 6. As a result therefore, no current flow dangerous to health occurs in contact with the metallic object 10.
    [00093] Fig. 4 represents a cross section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite glazing implemented in accordance with the present invention 1. The composite glazing 1 corresponds in its structure to the composite glazing 1 as described with respect to Fig. 1A and B. Meanwhile, the second coating 6 is connected, via an insulating layer 8, to the first coating 2. The insulating layer 8 includes, for example, a film made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a thickness of 50 pm.
    [00094] Fig. 5 represents a cross section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite glazing implemented in accordance with invention 1. In this example, the second coating 6 is arranged on the IV side of the glazing 1.2 facing the interior of the vehicle. The second coating 6 is, in this case, a layer with a low emissivity. The second coating 6 includes, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO).
    [00095] Fig. 6 represents a cross section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite glazing implemented in accordance with invention 1. The composite glazing 1 corresponds in its structure to the composite glazing 1, as described with respect to Fig. 1A and B. Meanwhile, the second coating 6 is arranged on the outer side I of the composite glazing 1.
    [00096] Fig. 7 represents a plan view of another exemplary embodiment of a composite glazing 1 implemented in accordance with the present invention. The first coating 2 has two incisions 9.1 and 9.2. Incisions 9.1, 9.1 were made in the first coating 2 with a focused laser beam. The second coating 6 is arranged congruently through the first coating 2, but does not include incisions.
    [00097] When an operational voltage is applied to the busbars 4.1 and 4.2 via supply lines 5.1 and 5.2, a current flows through the first transparent, electrically conductive coating 2. The path of the electric current is lengthened by the incisions 9.1 and 9.2 and the resistance of the first coating 2, between the busbars 4.2 and 4.2, is increased.
    [00098] The busbar 4.3 is arranged, in the installed position, on the upper edge of the second coating 6 and extends over the entire upper edge of the composite pane 1, minus a narrow edge region.
    [00099] Fig. 8 represents a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the present invention.
    [000100] Tests were conducted in which a metallic object 10 in the shape of a metallic wedge was penetrated into a composite glazing 20 according to the prior art and a composite glazing 1 according to the present invention. The arrangement corresponded to the arrangement in Fig. 2B and Fig. 3.
    [000101] In the experiment, on the composite pane 20 according to the prior art, health-threatening voltages were regularly measured on the metallic object 10. In the case of the composite pane 1 according to the present invention, in none of the tests was there a threatening voltage to health be measured on the metallic object 10.
    [000102] This result was unexpected and surprising for the person skilled in the art.
    [000103] Reference characters: 1 composite pane 1.1 first pane, external pane 1.2 second pane, internal pane 2 first coating 3 intermediate layer 4 .1,4.2. 4.3 busbar 5 .1,5.2, 5.3 feed line 6 second coating 8 insulating layer 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 incision, cut the leiser 10 metallic object 11 current flow 20 pane composed according to the prior art 21 fragmentation of the second pane 1.2 22 open edge of the first coating 2 A-A 'section line I external side of the external pane 1.1 II internal side of the external pane 1.1 III internal side of the internal pane 1.2 IV external side of the internal pane 1.2
    权利要求:
    Claims (26)
    [0001]
    1. Composite glazing (1), characterized by the fact that it comprises: - a first glazing (1.1) with at least one intermediate layer (3) and a second glazing (1.2), - a first transparent, electrically conductive coating (2) between the intermediate layer (3) and the first glazing (1.1) and / or between the intermediate layer (3) and the second glazing (1.2), - a first busbar (4.1) and a second busbar (4.2), which are connected the first sheath (2), and the first busbar (4.1) is connected to a potential earth and the second busbar (4.2) is connected to a DC voltage of 75V to 450 V or an AC voltage of 25V to 450 V, wherein the area of the first coating (2) and the area of a second electrically conductive transparent coating (6) are arranged on top of each other with at least 80% congruence and isolated from each other, and the second coating (6) is connected via at least a third collecting bar (4.3) to the potential ground to prevent a flow through the human body.
    [0002]
    2. Composite glazing (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second coating (6) is arranged on the side of the intermediate layer (7) opposite the first coating (2).
    [0003]
    3. Composite glazing (1), according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second coating (6) is arranged on the outside (i) of the first window (1.1) and / or on the outside (IV) of the second pane (1.2).
    [0004]
    4. Composite glazing (1), according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second coating (6) is connected, via an insulating layer (8), to the first coating (2).
    [0005]
    5. Composite glazing (1), according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the front of the first coating (2) is connected, via an insulating layer (8), to the second coating 6 and the back of the first coating ( 2) is connected, via another insulating layer (8), to the other second coating (6).
    [0006]
    6. Composite glazing (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first glazing (1.1) and / or the second glazing (1.2) includes glass, or polymers.
    [0007]
    7. Composite glazing (1) according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the glass comprises flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass or soda lime glass.
    [0008]
    8. Composite glazing (1) according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the polymers comprise polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate and / or mixtures thereof.
    [0009]
    9. Composite glazing (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first transparent, electrically conductive coating (2) has a sheet resistance of 1 ohm / square at 10 ohm / square, and / or the second electrically conductive transparent coating (6) has a sheet resistance of 0.4 ohm / square to 10 ohm / square.
    [0010]
    10. Composite glazing (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the sheet resistance of the first transparent, electrically conductive coating (2) is 3 ohm / square to 5 ohm / square.
    [0011]
    11. Composite glazing (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the sheet resistance of the second electrically conductive transparent coating (6) is 0.4 ohm / square to 5 ohm / square.
    [0012]
    Composite glazing (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first transparent, electrically conductive coating (2) and / or the second electrically conductive transparent coating (6) includes silver (Ag ), tin indium oxide (ITO), fluorinated tin oxide (SnO2: F) or aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO: Al).
    [0013]
    13. Composite glazing (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second electrically conductive transparent coating (6) has low emissivity.
    [0014]
    14. Composite glazing (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the second electrically conductive transparent coating (6) has a layer system, with at least one functional layer based on at least one metal of the group consisting in niobium, tantalum, molybdenum and zirconium and has a dielectric layer arranged on the inside of the vehicle in the functional layer.
    [0015]
    15. Composite glazing (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that the first transparent, electrically conductive coating (2) has n incisions (9.n), where n is an integer > 1, so that the resistance of the first electrically conductive, transparent coating (2) has a heating output of 300 W / m2 to 4000 W / m2 at a DC voltage of 75 V to 450 V or an AC voltage of 25 V at 450 v.
    [0016]
    16. Composite glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the area of the first coating (2) and the area of the second coating (6) are arranged congruently on top of each other or the area of the second coating (6) protrudes beyond the area of the first coating (2).
    [0017]
    17. Composite glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that the second busbar (4.2) is connected to a DC voltage of 120 V to 450 V or an AC voltage of 50 V to 450 V .
    [0018]
    18. Method for producing a composite glazing (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that a) a first glazing (1.1), an intermediate layer (3) and a second glazing (1.2), at least a first electrically conductive transparent coating (2), at least a second electrically conductive transparent coating (6) and a first busbar (4.1), a second busbar (4.2) and a third busbar (4.3) are laminated between si, and b) the first jacket (2) is connected via the first busbar (4.1) and the second jacket (6) is connected via the third busbar (4.3) to a potential ground to prevent a current flow through the body human, and the first sheath (2) is connected, via a second busbar (4.2), to a DC voltage of 75 V to 450 V or an AC voltage of 25 V to 450 V.
    [0019]
    19. Use of composite glazing as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized by the fact that it is in means of transport for displacement on land, in the air or in water, as well as a functional individual part and as a part embedded in furniture, devices and constructions.
    [0020]
    20. Use, according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that the composite glazing is used in motor vehicles.
    [0021]
    21. Use, according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that the composite glazing is used as a windshield, rear window, side window and / or glass roof.
    [0022]
    22. Use, according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that the composite glazing is used as an electric heater.
    [0023]
    23. Use of the composite glazing as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized by the fact that it is like a motor vehicle window in motor vehicles that are driven by electrical energy conversion.
    [0024]
    24. Use, according to claim 23, characterized by the fact that the electric energy is from rechargeable batteries, fuel cells or generators powered by an internal combustion engine.
    [0025]
    25. Use according to claim 24, characterized by the fact that rechargeable batteries comprise accumulators.
    [0026]
    26. Use, according to claim 23, characterized by the fact that the composite glazing is used in electric vehicles.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN103582561B|2016-08-17|
    MX2013014361A|2014-01-31|
    WO2012168009A1|2012-12-13|
    PL2718098T3|2018-10-31|
    US20140151355A1|2014-06-05|
    PT2718098T|2018-07-23|
    EA201391816A1|2014-04-30|
    ES2676660T3|2018-07-23|
    KR20140037913A|2014-03-27|
    JP5889404B2|2016-03-22|
    CN103582561A|2014-02-12|
    EP2718098B1|2018-04-18|
    US20180244242A1|2018-08-30|
    BR112013030779A2|2016-12-06|
    EA027237B1|2017-07-31|
    US10787153B2|2020-09-29|
    JP2014524875A|2014-09-25|
    KR101553785B1|2015-09-16|
    MX353536B|2018-01-18|
    EP2718098A1|2014-04-16|
    US9981633B2|2018-05-29|
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    法律状态:
    2018-04-03| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-10-22| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-04-07| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-10-27| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/05/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP11169563.1|2011-06-10|
    EP11169563|2011-06-10|
    PCT/EP2012/058128|WO2012168009A1|2011-06-10|2012-05-03|Heatable composite pane having a security function|
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